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APA 7th Edition Style Guide

Correctly cite and reference resources in APA (7th Edition) Style.

Online and Social Media

Website (General)

Author, A. A(Date of publication)Title of work: Capitalise the first letter after colon [Italicise]. Name of websiteURL

Pang, S., & Arivalagan, Y. (2020, February 18). These countries are most ready to deal with ageing populations. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/02/what-are-japan-and-singapore-doing-about-ageing-population/

 

Website (Online article)

Author, A. A., Author B. B., & Author, C. C(Date of publication)Article title: Capitalise the first letter after colon [Italicise]Name of WebsiteURL

Sim, F. (2018, May 16). Make education more inclusive, update curriculum to reflect changing times, say MPs. CNA. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/make-education-more-inclusive-parliament-president-address-10239912

 

Website with no author

If an organisation or government agency can be attributed:

Organisation / Government Agency Name(Date of publication)Page title: Capitalise the first letter after colon [Italicise]. Name of websiteURL

National Geographic. (2022, June 10). Meet Koki Mookodi, who’s inspiring educators in her native Botswana. National Geographic Education Blog. https://blog.education.nationalgeographic.org/2022/10/06/meet-koki-mookodi-whos-inspiring-educators-in-her-native-botswana/

 

If the name of website is the same as the attributed organisation or government agency, it is not required to be included:

Organisation / Government Agency Name(Date of publication)Page title: Capitalise the first letter after colon [Italicise]URL

Ministry of Education, Singapore. (2022, February 21). Academic calendar. https://www.moe.gov.sg/calendar/

 

If no author can be identified:

Page title: Capitalise the first letter after colon [Italicise](Date of publication)Name of websiteURL

Gan Siow Huang on erratum in A-Level Chemistry examination paper. (2023, January 9). CNA. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/gan-siow-huang-erratum-level-chemistry-examination-paper-3192301/

Host, H. H(Date of media)Title of episode (No. episode number) [Audio podcast episode]. In Podcast Name. Production CompanyURL

Glass, I. (Host). (2020, March 13). The test (No. 708) [Audio podcast episode]. In This American Life. WBEZ Chicago. https://thisamericanlife.org/708/the-test

Blog Post

Author, A. A., Author B. B., & Author, C. C. (Date of publication)Blog post title: Capitalise the first letter after colonTitle of blog [Italicise]URL

Crosby, B. (2018, December 7). What happened to the potential of social media in education? Learning is Messy. http://www.learningismessy.com/blogging/what-happened-to-the-potential-of-social-media-in-education/

Library Association of Singapore. (2017, October 4). An annotated bibliography redux: A story of bibliographies, Singapore literature and digitization. Singapore Libraries Bulletin. https://www.las.org.sg/wp/bulletin/an-annotated-bibliography-redux-a-story-of-bibliographies-singapore-literature-and-digitization/

 

*Note: Blog posts share the same format as journal articles; italicize the name of the blog.

Facebook Status Update

Author, A. A. (Date of publication). First 20 words of Facebook update [Italicise] [Description of audiovisual type] [Status update]. FacebookURL

Ong, Y. K. (2020, April 28). Today I’d like to share another innovation by teachers during full HBL. This is e-invigilation during tests. Mr Lan Yingjie [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ongyekung/posts/3413236145357630

 

Facebook Page

Author, A. A. (n.d.). Facebook page title [Italicise] [Facebook page]Facebook. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Ministry of Education, Singapore. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/moesingapore

Instagram (Photo(s) or Video)

Author, A. A. [@username]. (Date of publication). First 20 words of post [Italicise] [Photograph(s)/Video]. Instagram. URL

Ong, Y. K. [@ongyekung]. (2020, June 14). ITE invented this face shield with a diaphragm to make the teachers more audible in class. They did a measurement [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CBZ85tjnldI/

Ministry of Education. [@moesingapore]. (2020, June 5). What does the first week back-to-school at MOE Kindergarten (MK) look like for five-and six-years-olds? Are they adjusting well to [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CBChSEtAUpN/

 

Instagram Highlight

Author, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Highlight title [Italicise] [Highlight]. Instagram. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

NIE Library. [@nielibrary]. (n.d.). New resources [Highlight]. Instagram. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17848615864369277/

  • The date that is listed in an Instagram highlight is the date in which an Instagram Story was originally posted. As such, Instagram highlights are not dated. Use "n.d." instead.
  • You may also use a URL shortener if the URL is too lenghty. 

Tweet

Author, A. A. [@username]. (Date of publication). First 20 words of tweet [Italicise] [Description of attached content] [Tweet]. Twitter. URL

Tharman Shanmugaratnam. [@Tharman_S]. (2020, May 14). Evidence shows that if talented low-income students are mentored and coached, they are more likely to go to college, especially [Retweet attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Tharman_S/status/1260641187351785472

Tan, C.-J. [@chuanjin1]. (2020, March 31). Graphic of help provided on financial front. [thumbs up emoji] [Image attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/chuanjin1/status/1244976330585718784

 

Twitter Profile

Author, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Twitter page title [Twitter profile]. Twitter. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Tharman Shanmugaratnam. [@Tharman_S]. (2020, May 14). Evidence shows that if talented low-income students are mentored and coached, they are more likely to go to college, especially [Retweet attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Tharman_S/status/1260641187351785472